THE FIRST KHUTBA
All praise be to Allah the Lord of the worlds, He made the fasting of Ramadhan one of the pillars of Islām. And I testify none has the right of worship except Allah alone without no partners, He called out to His slave and said:
(يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ)
O you who believe! Observing As-Saum (the fasting) is prescribed for you
And I testify that Muhammed is His slave and Messenger, the best of those who prayed and fasted, May the Salat and much Salam of Allah be upon him and upon his family, the pious and the noble.
As for what proceeds:
O mankind, fear Allah the Most High and thank Him over the blessing of Islām. Verily Allah the Glorious and Most High prescribed the fasting of Ramadhan upon this Ummah and made it one of the pillars of Islām.
The fasting of Ramadhan is obligatory upon every muslim that’s reached puberty and of sound intellect, from the first of the month to the last of it.
(فَمَن شَهِدَ مِنكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ)
So whoever of you sights the month he must observe Saum (fasting).
The people are in different circumstances during the month of Ramadhan. What’s correct is that the resident; it’s upon him to fast and to do so every day. As for the sick who fasting is difficult for; or who are required not to fast, then they’re not to fast but to expiate it at other days.
And likewise the traveller who shortening has been made permissible for; the one who covers a journey to the distance of 80 kilometres and more, then he’s (permitted) not to fast but to expiate it at other days, due to His statement the Most High:
(فَمَن كَانَ مِنكُم مَّرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ)
but if any of you is ill or on a journey, the same number (should be made up) from other days.
And as for the one who isn’t able to endure fasting due to old age or growing old or a chronic sickness preventing him from fasting, likewise being incapable to repay the fast in the future, then this one is to feed a poor person for every day (they don’t fast).
The Most High said:
(ۚ وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ)
And as for those who can fast with difficulty, (e.g. an old man, etc.), they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day).
So these are the circumstances of the people relating to fasting.
And the meaning of fasting linguistically is:
(الإمساك)
To withhold.
As for legislatively then fasting it is:
To withhold with the intention to abstain from what breaks the fast, physically and by meaning, from the rising of the second Fajr until the setting of the sun.
The Most High said:
(وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمْ الْخَيْطُ الأَبْيَضُ مِنْ الْخَيْطِ الأَسْوَدِ مِنْ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ)
Eat and drink until the white thread (light) of dawn appears to you distinct from the black thread (darkness of night), then complete your Saum (fast) till the nightfall.
Intention (to fast) is required throughout the whole day from Fajr until the setting of the sun, the intention remains with him always, due to his statement ﷺ:
(لا صيام لمن لم يبيت النية من الليل)
“There’s no fast for he who doesn’t form his intention from the night (before)”
And in another narration:
(لمن لم يُجمع النية قبل طلوع الفجر)
“For he who doesn’t gather the intention before the emerging of Fajr”
So, having intention for fasting is a must. It’s such that if he was to refrain from food, and drink, and what invalidates the fast without having intention, then he would not be legislatively labelled as someone who is fasting.
And know, may Allah have mercy upon you, that fasting has (things) that invalidate it whereby it’s obligatory upon the fasting person to abstain from.
Firstly:
What enters the stomach via whatever passage it may be, then the one fasting breaks his fast, such as eating and drinking deliberately.
As for the one who forgetfully eats or drinks, then his fast remains intact and he is excused, due to the statement of the Prophet ﷺ:
All praise be to Allah the Lord of the worlds, He made the fasting of Ramadhan one of the pillars of Islām. And I testify none has the right of worship except Allah alone without no partners, He called out to His slave and said:
(يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ)
O you who believe! Observing As-Saum (the fasting) is prescribed for you
And I testify that Muhammed is His slave and Messenger, the best of those who prayed and fasted, May the Salat and much Salam of Allah be upon him and upon his family, the pious and the noble.
As for what proceeds:
O mankind, fear Allah the Most High and thank Him over the blessing of Islām. Verily Allah the Glorious and Most High prescribed the fasting of Ramadhan upon this Ummah and made it one of the pillars of Islām.
The fasting of Ramadhan is obligatory upon every muslim that’s reached puberty and of sound intellect, from the first of the month to the last of it.
(فَمَن شَهِدَ مِنكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ)
So whoever of you sights the month he must observe Saum (fasting).
The people are in different circumstances during the month of Ramadhan. What’s correct is that the resident; it’s upon him to fast and to do so every day. As for the sick who fasting is difficult for; or who are required not to fast, then they’re not to fast but to expiate it at other days.
And likewise the traveller who shortening has been made permissible for; the one who covers a journey to the distance of 80 kilometres and more, then he’s (permitted) not to fast but to expiate it at other days, due to His statement the Most High:
(فَمَن كَانَ مِنكُم مَّرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ)
but if any of you is ill or on a journey, the same number (should be made up) from other days.
And as for the one who isn’t able to endure fasting due to old age or growing old or a chronic sickness preventing him from fasting, likewise being incapable to repay the fast in the future, then this one is to feed a poor person for every day (they don’t fast).
The Most High said:
(ۚ وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ)
And as for those who can fast with difficulty, (e.g. an old man, etc.), they have (a choice either to fast or) to feed a Miskin (poor person) (for every day).
So these are the circumstances of the people relating to fasting.
And the meaning of fasting linguistically is:
(الإمساك)
To withhold.
As for legislatively then fasting it is:
To withhold with the intention to abstain from what breaks the fast, physically and by meaning, from the rising of the second Fajr until the setting of the sun.
The Most High said:
(وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمْ الْخَيْطُ الأَبْيَضُ مِنْ الْخَيْطِ الأَسْوَدِ مِنْ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ)
Eat and drink until the white thread (light) of dawn appears to you distinct from the black thread (darkness of night), then complete your Saum (fast) till the nightfall.
Intention (to fast) is required throughout the whole day from Fajr until the setting of the sun, the intention remains with him always, due to his statement ﷺ:
(لا صيام لمن لم يبيت النية من الليل)
“There’s no fast for he who doesn’t form his intention from the night (before)”
And in another narration:
(لمن لم يُجمع النية قبل طلوع الفجر)
“For he who doesn’t gather the intention before the emerging of Fajr”
So, having intention for fasting is a must. It’s such that if he was to refrain from food, and drink, and what invalidates the fast without having intention, then he would not be legislatively labelled as someone who is fasting.
And know, may Allah have mercy upon you, that fasting has (things) that invalidate it whereby it’s obligatory upon the fasting person to abstain from.
Firstly:
What enters the stomach via whatever passage it may be, then the one fasting breaks his fast, such as eating and drinking deliberately.
As for the one who forgetfully eats or drinks, then his fast remains intact and he is excused, due to the statement of the Prophet ﷺ: