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#idioms


CHIP ON (ONE’S) SHOULDER


▪️a feeling of bitterness caused by a sense that one 
has been treated unfairly.



◐Examples :
1. I said good morning to Ed and he snapped back at 
me. He sure has a chip on his shoulder today.

2. Carl has a chip on his shoulder because he was passed over for promotion in favor of Maria, although he 
feels he was better qualified.
The sense of personal injustice is usually imagined.


🔅 The expression originates from the custom of placing a chip on one’s shoulder and daring another person to knock it off as a way of challenging someone to fight.


#idioms

BY HOOK OR BY CROOK

▪️by one way or another; by any means possible



◐Examples:
1. Margaret was determined to lose 25 pounds before 
summer by hook or by crook.

2. Bruce would be such an asset to this company, but 
there aren’t any positions open right now. By hook or 
by crook,
we’ll have to get him a job in this office.

🔅The expression connotes that rules or convention may be 
broken in order to achieve the goal.


As the blessed month of Ramadan unfolds before us, may your hearts be enveloped in serenity and your souls be aglow with unwavering faith.

May your fasts be gentle, your prayers answered with grace, and your good deeds multiplied abundantly.

Wishing you a month overflowing with blessings, forgiveness, and profound spiritual growth. May you find tranquility in your prayers and joy in the company of your loved ones.


🌜🕊🤍Ramadan Kareem! 🕊🤍🌛


🌙 Ramadan Mubarak, everyone! 🌙

Only a wise person strives to make the most of Ramadan and seizes this golden opportunity to draw closer to Allah.
May this blessed month leave you a better person than you were before.


#common_mistakes


🔶 ‑ing and ‑ed adjectives
Shocked or shocking?🤔

😨We were very shocking by the news.✖️
😇We were very shocked by the news.✔️


😨His classes are so bored!✖️
😇His classes are so boring!✔️


🔺Be careful. There are a number of adjectives, such as bored and boring, that
deal with the same emotion or quality, (and start with the same letters), but
that are very different in meaning.
🔸Adjectives ending in -ing describe a
quality in something that can affect you in a particular way. 🔸Adjectives
ending in ‑ed describe you when you are affected by this particular quality.



↯↯↯Compare the following sentences:
🔆It was surprising that she left so suddenly.
🔆We were very surprised when she left so suddenly.

🔆I found Ava’s comments very interesting.
I was very interested in Ava’s comments.

🔆She’s a very charming little girl.
🔆We were all charmed by her.


#common_mistakes


🔶Nouns + preposition + -ing verb


😨There is no possibility to go there.✖️
😇There is no possibility of going there.✔️


😨I have no intention to tell him.✖️
😇I have no intention of telling him.✔️


🔅When you use a preposition after a noun, the verb that follows must be in
the ‑ing form.


↯↯↯Look at the following examples:
◐That is the advantage of having a job.
◐We have no chance of winning.
◐We had difficulty in making him understand.
◐This had the effect of making him very angry.




India: Country of More than 1,000 Languages


How many languages are spoken in your country? 
Many countries have more than one official language. For example, Ireland has English and Irish, while Chad has French and Arabic.

And then there's India, which recognizes 22 languages in its constitution.
And doesn't stop there! The People's Linguistic Survey of India estimates that more than 780 languages are spoken across the country. And some experts say that when dialects are included, the number could be around 1,600.

The most commonly spoken language in India is Hindi, which has over 528 million native speakers. Hindi is also used by the national government, and is the main language in several states.
The next most common language in India is Bengali with 97 million native speakers, followed by Marathi with 83 million. Other common languages heard in India include Telugu, Tamil, Gujarati and Urdu.

Why are so many languages spoken in India?

One reason is geography. India is a very big country with mountains, deserts and forests that make it difficult for different groups of people to meet. People in different areas just developed languages independently of each other.

Another important reason is history. India has been ruled by many different governments and empires with their own languages.

The British Empire, which ruled the country until 1947, brought English to India. Today, English is commonly used in business and education, and often spoken between people from different parts of the country who don't share a native language.

However, English is not one of the 22 languages recognized in the constitution!

Finally, India has laws to protect its many languages, and even celebrates them with special days — like Tamil Language Day on January 25, or Punjabi Diwas on March 14. Diwas is a Hindi word that means "day of celebration."

#Reading


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Just do me a favor. Talk some sense into your man.


✴️ Talk (some) sense into somebody

💢Meaning: to persuade someone to behave sensibly.

🔰Examples:
■She hoped Father McCormack would be able to talk some sense into her son.

■ I tried to talk some sense into Mark, but he was too upset to listen.

■ I really need to talk some sense into Sarah before she makes such a big mistake.

#Common_Phrases




How to Choose a Reading Book at the Right Level


If you love reading, you may want to begin reading novels in English. But if you're a language learner, how do you find something that's the right level?

Beginners may find that very simple English books are too childish. But if a story is too difficult, you may give up before you finish.

Here are some tips that could help you find the right book!

Interest
The first thing is to find something you're interested in — you'll be more likely to enjoy it, and it might help you overcome vocabulary challenges too.

For example, if you're a sports fan and you're reading about sports, there may be many sports words that are common between your first language and English.

Five-finger test
If you've found a book but you're not sure if it's the right level, experts suggest doing something called the "five-finger test."

Begin reading the book, and every time you get to a word you don't understand, raise a finger. If you raise four or five fingers on one page, perhaps the book is too difficult.

But if you only raise one finger, or don't raise any at all, maybe the book is too easy!

This test is usually used to help parents choose good books for their children to read, but it can help language learners too!

A story you know
Jo Blackmore from the British Council suggests choosing a novel you've already read in your first language. "Read it again in English, and the story will be familiar and easy to follow," she says.

"Another idea," she adds, "is to read the book of a film that you've already seen. Often there are lots more details in the book, but you will already know the context and the characters from the film."




Expressions to Talk About Money Troubles


People have probably been having money troubles since money was invented thousands of years ago. And now there are lots of expressions to talk about money problems.

Here are three you might hear in conversation:

When James Bond actor Daniel Craig first started acting, he also worked as a waiter to try and pay the bills. He sometimes even had to sleep on a park bench because he didn't have enough cash for a place to stay. So we could say that he was "living from hand to mouth," which means he had just enough money to eat and live.

This idiom may come from a time of famine, when people would immediately eat any food that they could get their hands on.

Even worse than not having enough money is being in debt. You could be "up to your ears in debt," which means you have more debt than you can manage — like being in deep water without knowing how to swim. And it's not just your ears: you can even be up to your "neck" and "eyes" in debt — and other things too. You can say, "I'm up to my neck in work," or "I'm up to my eyes in reports."

Of course, getting out of debt isn't always easy — but if you try "living on a shoestring," you might be able to start saving some cash. Doing something "on a shoestring" means you do it with a very small amount of money.

People aren't sure where this idiom comes from, but it might have started because shoestrings — or shoelaces — aren't very expensive.


#idioms
#Common_Phrases
#Reading


#Expressions


🔘Make a better door than a window🔘


⚜The phrase "make a better door than a window" is often used humorously to suggest that someone is blocking the view or access to something, typically when they are standing in front of a doorway or an opening. It implies that the person is not being very helpful in that moment and might be more suited to being a door (which provides access) rather than a window (which offers a view but does not allow passage).

Meaning:

1. Literal Interpretation: Someone is physically obstructing an entrance or view, making it difficult for others to pass through or see what's behind them.

2. Figurative Interpretation: It can also refer to someone's inability to provide insight or help in a situation, suggesting that they should take a step back to allow others to engage more fully.

▎Examples:

1. In a Social Setting:

   • During a party, if someone stands in front of the fridge while others are trying to get drinks, someone might say, "Could you move? You're making a better door than a window!"

2. In a Meeting:

   • If a colleague is standing in front of a projector screen while presenting, another might quip, "Hey, you're making a better door than a window! We can't see the slides!"

3. In Everyday Life:

   • At home, if a family member is blocking the entrance to a room while talking, someone else might say, "Step aside! You're making a better door than a window; I can't get through!"

Overall, it's a light-hearted way to point out that someone is inadvertently obstructing others' ability to see or access something
.


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Saying Less, Meaning More: The Power of Anapodotons


Have you ever heard the phrase, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do"?

It means you should follow the customs of the place you're visiting or the people you're with. So in Japan, for example, you should take off your shoes before entering someone's home, because it's the custom.

However, people often shorten this phrase to just, "When in Rome."

Phrases like this, where part of the sentence is not spoken but the meaning is still clear, are called "anapodotons" ("an-uh-PAW-duh-tuns"). People don't say the second part of the phrase, but everyone knows what they mean.

But why do people leave phrases unfinished?

According to Instagram linguist Adam Aleksic, it's because we like to save time and effort when talking. By saying less, we can still share the full idea, as long as others know the rest of the phrase.

Anapodotons are very common in English. Let's look at some more now!

"Speak of the devil" is something people say when someone appears just as you were talking about them. The full phrase is, "Speak of the devil, and he shall appear." But it doesn't mean you think the person who appeared is a bad person!

"It takes a village" is another example. The full phrase, "It takes a village to raise a child," means raising children is easier with help from others. It can also be used to talk about teamwork or group tasks.

"If you can't stand the heat" comes from, "If you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen." This means if something is difficult or stressful, you should either deal with it or stop complaining and leave!

Anapodotons may be short, but they have a lot of meaning!


#Reading
#Common_Phrases




Want to Learn a Language? Go to Sleep, Study Says


We all know that sleep is important for our health, but did you know that it can also help you learn a new language?

A University of South Australia study found that brain activity during sleep improves memory.

In the study, 35 native English speakers were asked to learn a language called Mini Pinyin. This language is based on Mandarin, but has similar grammar to English.

Half of the participants learned in the morning and had their memory tested later that day. The others learned in the evening and then slept overnight in a lab, where researchers recorded their brain activity. Those participants were then tested the next morning.

The researchers found that the people who slept after learning remembered much more than those who just stayed awake.

When we sleep, our brain goes through different phases. One of these is called REM sleep, which usually happens about 90 minutes after falling asleep. During this time, brain activity is very high, almost like when we're awake. This is also usually when we dream.

Another sleep phase is non-REM sleep, when brain activity is much lower. But interestingly, it's during this time that our brain sorts and saves new information.

This is all thanks to two kinds of brain waves that work together during non-REM sleep. These waves help move new information from the part of the brain where short-term memories are kept to another part where long-term memories are stored.

Scott Cousens, who worked on the study, says the results show how important sleep is for learning and remembering complex information, such as a new language.

"Sleep is not just restful; it's an active, transformative state for the brain," he said.

So, if you want to improve your English skills, remember — the secret might be going to bed!


#Reading

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