NEET IIT JEE CBSE Class 12 Notes

✱ Cytokinesis completes the process of cell division.

✱ Cytokinesis is the process in which the cell actually divides into two. With the two nuclei already at opposite poles of the cell, the cell cytoplasm separates, and the cell pinches in the middle, ultimately leading to cleavage.

✱ The two cells formed are roughly equal in size.

✱ The process of cytokinesis is different in animal and plant cells.

✱ In an animal cell, cytokinesis is achieved by the appearance of a furrow in the plasma membrane.

✱ The furrow gradually deepens and ultimately joins in the centre dividing the cell cytoplasm into two.

✱ Plant cells are enclosed by a relatively inextensible cell wall, therefore, they undergo cytokinesis by a different mechanism.

✱ The formation of the new cell wall begins with the formation of a simple precursor, called the cell-plate that represents the middle lamella between the walls of two adjacent cells.

✱ In some organisms, karyokinesis is not followed by cytokinesis as a result of which multinucleate condition arises leading to the formation of syncytium (e.g., liquid endosperm in coconut)

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