Story of the Day

🔯 Nelson Mandela:

Early Life:

Nelson Mandela was a civil rights leader, who fought against apartheid, or racial discrimination against blacks, in South Africa.
Mandela was born on July 18 in South Africa in 1918. His name was Rolihlahla which meant trouble maker. When Mandela was nine years old, he was adopted by his father’s friend. A teacher gave him the name Nelson when he was a child. Mandela studied law and opened South Africa’s first black law firm.

Political Career:
Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC) to fight against apartheid. At first, he wanted the ANC to follow Mohandas Gandhi’s non violent protest methods.

After the ANC was banned in 1960, he led a secret army called ‘Spear of the Nation.’ He traveled to other countries to ask for help. Later, he began to doubt the effectiveness of Gandhi’s methods. He wanted to bomb some buildings, but not hurt anyone. The government called him a terrorist and jailed him, in 1962. He spent 27 years in prison. There was an international campaign for his release. Other countries stopped trading and playing sports with South Africa.
Finally, Mandela was released from prison in 1990. His work paid off when all races were allowed to vote in the 1994 election for the first time. He won the election and became the first black President of South Africa. He retired in 1999. He died on 5 December 2013, after a lung illness.

Achievements:
He received the Peace Prize in 1993.

Mandela has received over 695 awards. This is the maximum number of awards anyone has ever got.

On his birthday, Nelson Mandela Day, people are asked to spend 67 minutes helping others. Why 67? He spent 67 years serving South Africa.

Nelson Mandela Quotes:
1. Education is the most powerful weapon that you can use to change the world.
2. Lead from the back- and let others believe they are in front.
3. It always seems impossible until it’s done.
4. There can be no keener revelation of a society’s soul than the way in which it treats its children.
5. I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it.

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🔱Alfred Nobel:

Does anything ring a bell when you hear the name Alfred Nobel? Alfred Nobel was the founder of the well known Nobel prizes. A scientist, an inventor and also a businessman, Alfred Nobel was a dynamite personality.

🔯Childhood and Education

Alfred Nobel was born on October 21, 1833 in Stockholm in Sweden. His father Immanuel Nobel was an engineer. Also an inventor, Alfred’s father built bridges and experimented with rocks. Alfred was an intelligent and curious child. He loved to study but often had to stay home, away from school, because he used to remain sick. In 1842 Alfred’s family moved to Russia as his father’s business was doing well there. Alfred used to spend a lot of time with his father in the factory and always wondered why people needed war. His father used to build mines used in wars. In Russia Alfred was tutored at home and learnt English, French, German and Russian languages. Alfred’s father wanted him to be a scientist like him but Alfred’s interest lay in Literature and poetry, though he also liked Chemistry and Physics. His father sent him to Paris to study to become a chemical engineer. After a year in Paris, Alfred was sent to the United States to learn technical skills but he learned poetry and a collection of Literature; where his interests lay.

🔯Explosives Business

At the age of 19 Alfred decided to return to Russia to help his father and brother with the factory work. He helped his father in the factory, making military equipment for Russia during the Crimean War. Unfortunately Russia lost the Crimean war which resulted in closing down of Alfred’s father’s factory. Alfred’s father and mother decided to leave Russia and move to Sweden, their homeland. But Alfred and his two brothers decided to remain in Russia in order to try and save what was left of the business.

♈️Discovery of Dynamite

Alfred then concentrated on his experiment with developing nitroglycerine as an explosive. This invention was a great success and Alfred Nobel set up a factory in Sweden, his hometown. His experiment was used at mines and construction lands. But nitroglycerine was a dangerous explosive and it would explode if it was handled even a little carelessly. It was in 1864 that a huge explosion in the Swedish factory of Alfred killed 5 people, including his younger brother Emil. This affected Alfred a great deal.

People began to criticize Alfred Nobel for inventing such a dangerous and life threatening explosive. People did not want such a factory in the middle of the city. So Alfred moved his factory onto a ship which was in the middle of a lake. Alfred Nobel then set out to develop explosives which are safer for the workers. It was in 1867 that Nobel made a mixture of nitroglycerine with an absorbent substance, and he patented it with the name ‘Dynamite’. He conducted an open experiment with Dynamite in Germany and became recognized for his efforts.

World Peace and Nobel Prize
Alfred Nobel was deeply distressed with the fact that his inventions of explosives could kill several people. He wanted to find a way that would lead to world peace. He did not want to be remembered as a person who invented explosives. Thus, Alfred Nobel set aside his fortune and his estate to launch Nobel Prizes. These prizes were to be given to men and women for outstanding achievements in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Medicine and Literature and most importantly for working towards World Peace. Nobel became very weak in 1896 and died of a heart attack the same year on December 10. Since then, every year Nobel prizes have been awarded to people who have excelled in the Sciences, specially world peace and happiness.

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♈️William Shakespeare:

Early Life of William Shakespeare:
William Shakespeare was a celebrated playwright, poet and actor. He was born in the city of Stratford-upon-Avon in England, in the year 1564.

Married Life:
In 1582, when Shakespeare was just 18 years old, he got married to Anne Hathaway, who was eight years older than him. After that, there are no definite records of the next few years of his life. Historians often refer to these years of Shakespeare’s life as the ‘lost years.’

Career:
William began his career as a playwright in London in 1592. Soon he himself started acting and also became part-owner of a playwright company known as the ‘Lord Chamberlain’s Men.’ King James I renamed it as ‘The King’s Men.’ Many of Shakespeare’s plays were performed at the Globe Theatre.

Many of his plays were written in the latter half of his career. Shakespeare then underwent a series of ups and downs owing to the outbreak of the bubonic plague due to which the theatres had to be shut down. The Globe Theatre caught fire too. However, it was rebuilt again.

William retired and settled in Stratford, where he died in 1616.

William Shakespeare Plays:
1.Shakespeare wrote 37 plays in his lifetime. Some of his most famous works are Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, Merchant of Venice and Julius Caesar.
2.To this day, Hamlet is probably his most quoted and reproduced tragedy. It is also Shakespeare’s longest play.

William Shakespeare Facts:
1.William Shakespeare did not attend college.

2.During Shakespeare’s time, women were not permitted to act in plays, so in all of his plays, the female characters were played by men.

3.Shakespeare had no interest in getting his plays published; he wanted them to be performed on stage instead.

4.Shakespeare is credited with introducing almost 3,000 words to the English language.

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Albert Einstein:

Early Childhood – A genius was born:
Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879, to a Jewish family. His father was an engineer and a salesman.

Einstein wasn’t a very bright student. He even had problems with his speech.

When he was five years old, Einstein saw a magnetic compass and marvelled at the needle that kept moving with an invisible force. At age 12, he found a book on geometry which he read over and over again.

Einstein wanted to pursue math and science . The problem was, he wasn’t very good at taking tests . However, he was always analytical .

In 1905, Einstein submitted a paper for his doctorate and also had four papers published in the best known physics journal at that time.He became a well known name in the academic world.

Being Jewish, Einstein knew he would have problems in Nazi Germany and so he migrated to the United States in 1933.

Einstein’s Theory of Relativity:
1.Albert Einstein was working as a patent clerk in Germany in 1905 when he developed his famous Theory of Relativity (E=mc2).
2.The theory simply states that the speed of light (constant, c) is the fastest speed in the universe and relates energy (E) and mass (M). It talks about how time and distance can change due to the different speeds of an object and its observer.

Albert Einstein’s Inventions:
Photons : He discovered that light is made up of small particles called photons and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.

Bose-Einstein Condensate : Einstein discovered a state of matter with another scientist, Satyendra Bose. Today it is used in things like lasers.

Atomic Bomb : Not directly connected with inventing it, but his Theory of Relativity is connected with the invention of the atomic bomb.

Albert Einstein Facts:
1.Albert Einstein failed his first entrance exam for college.
2.He was offered the presidency of Israel.

Albert Einstein Quotes:
“Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world.”

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🍎Sir Isaac Newton:

Sir Isaac Newton, a physicist, an astronomer, mathematician, theologian, alchemist and philosopher; and excelling beyond our imagination. He was the greatest in every one of those fields.

Early life of Isaac Newton
Newton was born on 4th January (Christmas Day according to the then calendar) 1642 in England and he died on 31st March, 1727. He was a premature baby; and small enough to fit inside a quart sized cup; and whose chances of survival were dim.

Newton used to cover the walls of his room with his colorful drawings and would fly kites, with lamps attached to their bases. He had even crafted a water clock as a kid. He made a mouse tread on a treadmill so that it could produce power to move a small windmill.

Newton always liked to fidget and discover new things. He had once struck a needle in his eyeball and moved it around till he saw white and colored circles. He did recover from the injurious incident.

He never let his stuttering speech inhibit him from expressing his thoughts and discoveries.

Newton was miserable in studies. But after physically beating up a bully at school, he decided to outwit him in studies also.

Newton had tried farming but had failed miserably at it.

Achievements of Isaac Newton:
1.“Philosophie Naturalis Principia Mathematica” was the famous book written by Newton, and which contained his notion of gravity and the three laws of motion. Newton had observed an apple falling from the tree; and had induced that there must be an outside force acting which pulls an object to the ground. His law of inertia states that an object will remain in rest unless moved by another force. His second law of acceleration states that a heavier object will require more force to move. And his third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

2.Newton’s 6 inch constructed telescope, allowed him to see Jupiter’s moons.

3.Newton had used a prism to show that sunlight contained all of the colors of the rainbow. He also showed how white light contained all the colors found in nature. He also displayed how light would reflect, retract and absorb against objects and thus create various colors.

4.Newton analyzed that the time it would take for a body to cool depended on the temperature difference between the surroundings and the object.

5.Newton had invented the pet door; where pets could enter and exit the house without disturbing anyone.

6.Newton’s studies on light and planetary motion paved way for the first visit to the Moon.

7.Newton had formulated the field of Calculus, in mathematics; which calculates the rate of how things change; like the speeding of a car.

8.Newton was a very religious person; and would spend hours in studying and writing about the Bible. He had formulated the famous mathematical formula to calculate the value of Pi.

9.Newton had been appointed as the Warden of the Mint; where he had successfully nabbed 28 fraudsters trying to counterfeit money.

Later Life and Death:
1.He was knighted by the Queen and thus earned the title of Sir.
2.Newton had predicted that the world would end in 2060.
3.He was shy in the one year of Parliament duty, and only spoke once; and that to ask someone to close the window.
4.His dog Diamond, by mistake, had ruined 20 years of his research by igniting the laboratory.
5.Newton’s interest in alchemy (forming gold and silver) and experimenting with mercury; ultimately led to his death being a result of mercury poisoning.

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Swami Vivekananda – Teachings:
1. New Understanding of Religion and the explanation that reality is common to all humanity and that science and religion are not contradictory but complementary.

2.New View of Man
3.New Principle of Morality and Ethics
4.Bridge between East and West

His birthday is celebrated as National Youth Day.

Swami Vivekananda – Quotes:
1.All that man has to do is to take care of three things; good thought, good word, good deed.

2.Self-sacrifice, indeed, is the basis of all civilisations.

3.Please everyone without becoming a hypocrite or a coward.

4.The real individuality is that which never changes and will never change; and that is the God within us.

5.Strength is the property of everyone in spite of all apparent weakness.

6.Through education comes faith in one’s own Self.

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🔱 Swami Vivekananda:

Where was Vivekananda born?
Swami Vivekananda was born Narendranath Datta on 12th January, 1863, to an aristrocratic Bengali family of Calcutta. His father, Vishwanath Datta was an attorney at the Calcutta High Court, and his mother, Bhubaneshwari Devi was a devout housewife. The progressive and rational thinking of his parents mixed with a deep rooted spirituality shaped young Narendranath’s mind.

As a young boy, Swami Vivekananda excelled in music, gymnastics and studies. He went on in life to become one of the greatest Indians to introduce the philosophies of Yoga and Vedanta to the Western world. He is also credited with raising interfaith awareness, bringing Hinduism to the status of a major world religion during the 19th Century.

Early Years:
Swami Vivekananda was one of nine siblings. He was spiritually inclined at an early age, fascinated by wandering ascetics and monks.

His education was both a mix of Western and Indian worlds. He studied Western philosophies, religion, history, social science, art and literature along with the Puranas, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, the Bhagavad Gita, the Upanishads and the Vedas. Around this time, he was also briefly introduced to the Brahmo Samaj.

In 1881, he passed the Fine Arts examination and completed his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1884, from General Assembly’s Institution, where the principal described him to be a genius, with an amazing sense and understanding of philosophies.

Over the course of several years, Swami Vivekananda studied various schools of esoteric philosophies. He first met Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, who was to later become his Guru, in 1881. His meeting with Ramakrishna again in 1884, after his father’s death, was a life changing event.

He turned toward a monastic life and after Ramakrishna’s death from throat cancer, Swami Vivekananda and the other disciples were left without shelter. He decided to convert a dilapidated house to establish the first Ramakrishna Math at Baranagar and start the monastic order of Ramakrishna.

Monastic Vows and Life After:
Swami Vivekanada took his formal monastic vows along with the other disciples, in 1886. He assumed the name Swami Vivekananda much later.

In 1888, Swami Vivekanada left the monastery after receiving the blessings of Sarada Devi, Ramakrishna’s wife and embarked on a journey around India.

The Ramakrishna Mission:
The more he travelled, he understood, how poor and backward the masses were. And how important it was to uplift the poor, educate both men and women, and this sowed the seed for the Ramakrishna Mission.

After he had travelled for five years around India, he travelled to the United States of America, after spending a few months in Japan, China and Canada. He attended the Parliament of World’s Religions on 11th September, 1893, at Chicago, where he spoke on Vedanta, Advaita and Hinduism and its philosophies.

He spent three years, lecturing, touring, travelling around the various cities of United States of America.

Back to India – 1897 – 1899 and Death:
Swami Vivekananda established the Ramakrishna Mission on 1st May, 1897, in Calcutta. Its ideals were based on Karma Yoga. He further established two other ashrams, one in Mayavati, near Almora and one in Madras (Chennai), and founded two journals.

After another tour of the United States and France, Swami Vivekananda settled down at the Belur Math. On July 4th, 1902, he left his earthly body and attained samadhi.

Swami Vivekananda – Legacy:
He inspired the freedom fighters of India like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, Gandhiji. Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore is also deeply influenced by his writings and teachings. His influence to this day extends into Hinduism, the way we look at Neo -Vedanta and Advaita philosophies.