Mission IAS

▪️Pardoning Powers of President (Article 72)

▪️Pardon Completely absolves from all sentences and punishment

▪️Commutation To replace punishment with a less severe one

▪️Reprieve Temporary suspension of death Sentence
Respite Awarding a lesser punishment on some special grounds like Pregnancy
Remissions Reduction of the amount of sentence without changing its character


Ambit of Exercise of these powers

1. Punishment by court martial
2. Sentence under any law framed by union
3. Death sentence
It should be exercised on advice of council of ministers

#polity #prelims

PRELIMS 2020 Special

Moplah or Malabar Rebellion


Malabar Rebellion or Moplah Rebellion of 1921 was the culmination of a series of riots by Moplahs (Muslims of Malabar) in the 19th and early 20th centuries against the British and the Hindu landlords in Malabar (Northern Kerala).

The resistance which started against the British colonial rule and the feudal system later ended in communal violence between Hindus and Muslims.

The Moplah Rebellion or the Malabar Rebellion was an extended version of the Khilafat Movement in Kerala in 1921.

The main leaders of this rebellion were:

1 Variyankunnath Kunjahammed Haji
2 Sithi Koya Thangal
3 Ali Musliyar

Background:

In 1921 the Muslim peasants of the Malabar districts of Kerala known as the Moplahs rose against their landlords, the Namboodris and Nairs. These upper classes exploited the peasants. The Moplahs had no security of their tenure.

The renewal of fees, high rents and other extractions by the zamindars, broke the backbone of the Moplahs. They became united and made armed attacks on the Namboodris, Nair’s and other higher castes. The British Government became active and suppressed them.


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