Academic Vocabulary

abstract /abstraekt/ (abstracts)

An abstract of an article, document, or speech is a short piece of writing that gives the main points of it.

Many scientists only have enough time to read the abstracts of papers,

Some indexes also have abstracts or summaries of articles.

► c o l l o c a t io n s :
an abstract of something
an abstract of a paper/article
read/write/review/submit an abstract

► s y n o n y m s : summary, precis

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abnormal
/aeb'noimal/
adjective

Someone or something that is abnormal is unusual, especially in a waythat is worrying, [formal ]

abnormal heart rhythms and high anxiety levels

a child with an abnormal fear of strangers

Nothing abnormal was detected.

► c o l l o c a t io n s :
abnormal bleeding/cells/behaviour
an abnormal heartbeat/rhythm/smear/mammogram

► s y n o n y m s : aberrant, deviant, irregular, unusual
► a n t o n y m : normal
abnormal|ly /aeb'normali/
a d v e r b

abnormally high levels of glucose

This stops the cells from growing
abnormally.
► c o l l o c a t io n s :
abnormally high/low/large/thin
grow/behave/develop abnormally

► s y n o n y m : unusually
► a n t o n y m : normally
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abide by /a'baid b a i/ (abides by, abiding by, abided by)

phrasal verb
If you abide by a law, agreement, or decision, you do what it says you should do.

a warning to employees to improve performance levels and abide by organizational rules

making sure that people abide by the law


► c o l l o c a t io n s :
abide by a rule/law/restriction
abide by a ceasefire/agreement

► s y n o n y m s : observe, obey, adhere to
► a n t o n y m : disobey

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