Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, renowned as the "
Missile Man of India," was not only a prominent scientist but also a visionary leader who overcame doubts through perseverance and a relentless pursuit of knowledge. His life exemplifies how confronting and overcoming skepticism can lead to groundbreaking achievements. He made numerous significant contributions to science and technology, particularly in the fields of space research, defense, and nuclear science. Kalam was the
chief architect behind the
Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP), launched in the 1980s. Under his leadership, several missile projects were initiated, including Agni which is India’s long-range ballistic missile and Prithvi a surface-to-surface tactical missile. His contributions ensured that India developed self-reliance in missile technology. He was instrumental in the success of the 1980
Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III), and the
1998 Pokhran-II nuclear tests. Kalam promoted indigenous technologies, ensuring
self-reliance in defense and
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