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A virtuosic performer and composer with an innovative spirit, Anoushka Shankar followed in the footsteps of her late father, Indian sitar legend Pt. Ravi Shankar, mastering the same instrument and blazing her own artistic path that encompasses both Indian classical traditions and progressive world music.

Happy Birthday to the singular, genre-defying artist across realms - classical and contemporary, acoustic and electronic.




Репост из: Genius Minds!
Kabhi Socha Kya???

Coming Soon ✨

Stay Tuned @GeniusMinds123


Thonis-Heracleion, Egypt
Date sunk: sixth or seventh century 

Located northwest of Alexandria on the Nile Delta, Thonis-Heracleion was a popular trading port before tremors weakened the land and dragged it below the brine. The area boasts a trove of artifacts, Live Science previously reported, but a giant, 6-ton statue of the Nile god Hapi is one of the most significant finds from the ruins.

@currentaffairsndtv


Pavlopetri, Greece
Date sunk: 1000 B.C
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The ruins of Pavlopetri were uncovered in 1967, and analyses of building materials and pottery fragments suggest they date back around 5,000 years, New Scientist reported. The town existed above ground for 2,000 years before it was likely sunk by earthquakes. The layout of the town has been preserved perfectly 13 feet (4 m) below the waves, with its streets, buildings and tombs eroded by age but visible. At least 15 buildings have been identified.

@currentaffairsndtv


Baiae, Italy
Date sunk: 16th century


Baiae was once a Roman spa town known for debauchery, according to Smithsonian magazine. Underground pressure in the region causes the land to rise and fall, and much of its ancient history now lies below sea level. Of note are the underwater remains of the Pisonian Villa and the statue-adorned sunken Nymphaeum of Emperor Claudius, the BBC reported. In addition, several famous Romans visited the resort town in its heyday, including Julius Caesar, emperors Hadrian and Septimius Severus, generals Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great) and Gaius Marius and politician Lucius Licinius Lucullus, HeritageDaily reported.

@currentaffairsndtv


Atlit Yam, Israel
Date sunk: 6300 B.C.


This Neolithic village lies 26 to 39 feet (8 to 12 m) beneath the Mediterranean Sea, hidden for over 8,000 years until marine archaeologist Ehud Galili discovered it while surveying the sand for shipwrecks in 1984, New Scientist reported. It is now considered one of the oldest submerged settlements ever discovered. Careful excavations have revealed rectangular houses with hearths and the remains of a dry-stone well. One of the most interesting finds was a megalith structure — similar to Stonehenge — built around a spring, made of seven huge stones weighing around 1,300 pounds (600 kilograms) each; burial sites and human remains have also been unearthed. One study suggests that a tsunami is likely to blame for the abandonment of the settlement

@currentaffairsndtv


Rungholt, Germany
Date sunk: Jan. 16, 1362


The exact location of Rungholt — long considered just a legend — remains unclear, though the artifacts and evidence of land cultivation that have been found in the Wadden Sea hint at its existence as a trading port, according to a study published in the journal Quaternary International. Saint Marcellus' flood, also known as the Great Drowning of Men, is thought to be the culprit behind the town's disappearance. Storm tides caused by an extratropical cyclone swept in from the North Sea, decimating the coasts of the British Isles, the Netherlands, northern Germany and Denmark — causing thousands of deaths.

@currentaffairsndtv


Port Royal, Jamaica
Date sunk: June 7, 1692


The Caribbean pirate haven of Port Royal was known as "the wickedest city on Earth," according to the BBC, before a devastating earthquake and the tsunami that followed in its wake pushed two-thirds of the town beneath the waves. The intense shaking liquified the sand beneath the 2,000 or so brick buildings, which were displaced and appeared to flow out to sea. Of the estimated 6,500 inhabitants of the town at the time, 2,000 are thought to have perished in the earthquake and tsunami. A further 3,000 died from injuries and disease in the aftermath, according to UNESCO.

@currentaffairsndtv


Saeftinghe, The Netherlands
Date sunk: 1584


Now a swamp known as the Drowned Land of Saeftinghe, this area was once a prosperous village. In the 13th century, people drained the marsh so that they could build on the fertile land; they also raised dikes around the reclaimed land to protect it from floods. Much of the land around Saeftinghe was lost in the All Saints' Flood of 1570, but the final blow came during the 80 Years' War in 1584.
Dutch soldiers fighting in the war for independence from the Spanish were forced to destroy the last dike barrier while defending Antwerp, allowing the waters of the Scheldt to take over the town, according to Het Zeeuwse Landschap, the official site of the area. A local legend tells a slightly different tale, however, blaming the 1570 flood on the wrath of a mermaid held captive by the townsfolk. Today, the settlement is buried under layers of sand and clay, though bricks have been recovered that could have belonged to an abbey taken by floods.

@currentaffairsndtv


Trade between India and China soared by around 70% year-on-year to at least $48 billion in the first five months of 2021, latest data from Chinese customs showed.

Publicly available data from India too showed a healthy growth, although the numbers differed from those put out by Chinese state media.

According to the Indian data, trade grew 55.83% in the first five months of the year.

Details here https://lnkd.in/eA6uKBK


Lion City, China
Date sunk: 1959

This valley in China's Zhejiang Province was purposely flooded as part of the Xin'an River Dam project to generate hydroelectric power for the region, creating the Qiandao Lake. Submerged 80 to 100 feet (25 to 40 meters) below the surface of this human-made lake lies an ancient city frozen in time. Believed to be around 1,400 years old — though some believe certain structures are even older —
the city once stood at the base of Wu Shi (Five Lion) Mountain, which is now also partially submerged. Often called the Atlantis of the East, according to the BBC, the city was rediscovered in 2001 on a diving excursion and is a well-preserved relic of its time, with many intricate carvings of dragons, phoenixes and lions surviving in all their glory on wooden arches. Temples, pagodas and other structures remain intact thanks to the purity of the water, giving archaeologists a window into the architectural design of ancient China.

@currentaffairsndtv


Sunken cities: Discover real-life 'Atlantis' settlements hidden beneath the waves

Humans need water to survive, and so access to this precious natural resource has been an important factor in deciding where we have made our homes throughout history. Building near rivers, lakes and springs gave early settlers access to clean water for domestic and agricultural use, and the availability of fish meant they h ad a reliable food source. Traveling by boat also became an easy way to navigate the land more quickly, enabling our species to migrate to new areas. 

HOW IT WORKS

As humans spread across continents and populations boomed, trade between civilizations became more frequent. Coastal settlements allowed for larger vessels to come and go, increasing trade and boosting the local economy, with many more port towns being built as a way to access rare goods and riches. 

But the waterfront isn't always a safe place to settle. With little protection from flooding, natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis, bad weather and changing sea levels can destroy in a day what took people hundreds of years to build. Water can claim land, buildings and human lives. Here we dive into some of the lost civilizations now deluged beneath the depths.


✍️Notes on Environmental Chemistry:

🔹Components of Environment:

➖Atmosphere: This comprises a blanket of gaseous layer around earth.

➖Hydrosphere: This comprises about 96% of earth’s surface & includes all sources of water like oceans rivers lakes, glaciers, ground water etc.

➖Lithosphere: It refers to earth’s solid crust containing the outer mineral cover. It comprises soil, minerals, organic matter etc.

➖ Biosphere: It refers to the domain of living organism in covalent with atmosphere hydrosphere as well as lithosphere.

🔹Environmental Pollution :
Process of contamination of the environment with harmful wastes arising mainly from human activities.

➖Pollutant: Any substance or species produced either by a natural source or by human activity, which produces adverse effect on the environment.

➖Contaminant: A substance which does not occurs in nature but is introduced by human activity into the atmosphere affecting its composition.

➖Source: The site from which the pollution or contaminants originate.

➖Sink: The material or medium which consumes or interacts with a long lived pollutant is called sink.

➖Receptor : Anything that is affected by the pollutants.

➖Threshold limit value (TLV) : This indicates the permissible limit of a pollutant in atmosphere to which a healthy worker is exposed during hours a day or 40 hours a week for life time without any adverse effects. TLV are determined by experimentation on animals, by use of medical knowledge, epidemiology surveys & environmental studies.

🔹Tropospheric pollution or Air pollution:
It is the atmosphere condition in which the presence of certain concentration produce harmful effects on man and his environment. These substances include:

(i) Gases such as oxides of sulphur, CO, oxide of N2 and hydrocarbons

(ii) Particulate matter such as dust, smoke, fumes etc.

(iii) Radioactive material & many others.

➖Primary pollutants : These are the pollutants which are emitted directly from the sources. Some examples are:

➖Particulate Matter : Such as ash, smoke, dust, fumes etc.

➖Inorganic gases : Such as sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide etc.


🔹Particulate matter:

➖Soot: produced by incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fossils fuels such as coal, fuel oil, natural gas, wood etc in insufficient supply of oxygen.

➖Metal particles: These are released by various metal finishing operation. The micro particles of toxic metal & SO2 gas present in the polluted atmosphere get absorbed on the particles rendering them highly toxic.

➖Metal oxides : They are generated by combustion of fuels containing metallic compounds.

➖Lead salts: Their source is lead tetraethyl (Pb(C2H5)4) which is added to gasoline to improve its antiknock property. In order to avoid deposition of PbO suitable amounts of C2H4Cl2 & C2H4Br2 are added to gasoline along with Pb(C2H5)4.

➖Fly ash: It originates from the combustion of high ash fossil. It contains partially burnt particles of the fuels.

➖Asbestos dust: It originates from industrial units manufacturing asbestos sheets, gaskets ropes etc. Asbestos flowing & asbestos insulations also contribute towards asbestos dust in the atmosphere.

➖Solid Hydrocarbons: These are emitted from petroleum refineries & comprise of paraffins, olefins & aromatics.

➖Dust Particulates: Originate from natural, domestic, industrial or agricultural sources. These are thrown into atmosphere by volcanic eruptions, blowing of dust by wind, mining operations etc.

➖Acid mist : Sulphuric acid mist is produced when SO3 present in the atmosphere comes in contact with moisture. Nitric acid mist is produced when oxides of nitrogen, viz, NO & NO2, undergo the series of reactions in the atmosphere.


Opposition in Astronomy:-

In Astronomy, an opposition is a configuration in which a superior planet (beyond Earth) aligns with the Earth and the Sun, the Earth being at the center. Around opposition, the planet makes its closest approach to the Earth. Since it lies opposite to the Sun, it rises in the east at sunset, reaches its highest point in the sky around midnight, and sets in the west at dawn. This is the best time to photograph or watch a planet because it is at its brightest.

@currentaffairsndtv


Centre places fresh orders for 440 million additional #CovidVaccine doses

CM Uddhav Thackeray-led delegation meets PM Modi on Maharashtra’s issues







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