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🔆BRITISH
✅On December 31, 1600 the charter was issued by Queen Elizabeth I of England which gives trade monopoly for 15 years. English east India Company was established in 1600.
✅Captain Hawkins of England arrived at royal court of Jahangir in 1609 seeking permission to establish England trade center at Surat, but was refused by Jahangir due to Portuguese pressure
✅With captain Thomas Best’s victory over Portuguese est. first factory in Surat
✅Later in 1613, Jahangir issued a Farman (permission letter) to English (Sir Thomas Roe) to establish their trade center in Agra Ahmedabad and Baruch, hence British established their 1st trading factory at Surat in 1613.
✅ In 1615, Sir Thomas Roe came to India as ambassador of James 1 (King of England) & obtained permission from Jahangir to settle English trading factories in different parts of India
✅Bombay’s Control → Charles II received as dowry from Portuguese.
✅ Madras → Fort St. George replaced Masulipatnam.
✅ Bombay, Madras & Calcutta became 3 presidency towns of English settlements in India by 1700 with capital Calcutta.
▪️WHY THE ENGLISH SUCCEEDED AGAINST OTHER EUROPEAN?
✅Structure and Nature of the Trading Companies: English East India Company, formed through amalgamation of several rival companies at home, was controlled by a board of directors whose members were elected annually.
✅ Naval Superiority: Royal Navy of Britain was not only the largest; it was the most advanced of its times.
✅Industrial Revolution: The industrial revolution reached other European nations late and this helped England to maintain its hegemony. The Industrial Revolution started in England in the early 18th century.
✅Military Skill and Discipline: The British soldiers were a disciplined lot and well trained. The British commanders were strategists who tried new tactics in warfare.
✅ Stable Government: Britain witnessed stable government with efficient monarchs.
✅Lesser Zeal for Religion: Britain was less zealous about religion and less interested in spreading Christianity, as compared to Spain, Portugal or the Dutch.
✅Use of Debt Market: Britain used the debt markets to fund its wars.
#revision_notes
#modern_history
#prelims
Join @Upsc_4_history
✅On December 31, 1600 the charter was issued by Queen Elizabeth I of England which gives trade monopoly for 15 years. English east India Company was established in 1600.
✅Captain Hawkins of England arrived at royal court of Jahangir in 1609 seeking permission to establish England trade center at Surat, but was refused by Jahangir due to Portuguese pressure
✅With captain Thomas Best’s victory over Portuguese est. first factory in Surat
✅Later in 1613, Jahangir issued a Farman (permission letter) to English (Sir Thomas Roe) to establish their trade center in Agra Ahmedabad and Baruch, hence British established their 1st trading factory at Surat in 1613.
✅ In 1615, Sir Thomas Roe came to India as ambassador of James 1 (King of England) & obtained permission from Jahangir to settle English trading factories in different parts of India
✅Bombay’s Control → Charles II received as dowry from Portuguese.
✅ Madras → Fort St. George replaced Masulipatnam.
✅ Bombay, Madras & Calcutta became 3 presidency towns of English settlements in India by 1700 with capital Calcutta.
▪️WHY THE ENGLISH SUCCEEDED AGAINST OTHER EUROPEAN?
✅Structure and Nature of the Trading Companies: English East India Company, formed through amalgamation of several rival companies at home, was controlled by a board of directors whose members were elected annually.
✅ Naval Superiority: Royal Navy of Britain was not only the largest; it was the most advanced of its times.
✅Industrial Revolution: The industrial revolution reached other European nations late and this helped England to maintain its hegemony. The Industrial Revolution started in England in the early 18th century.
✅Military Skill and Discipline: The British soldiers were a disciplined lot and well trained. The British commanders were strategists who tried new tactics in warfare.
✅ Stable Government: Britain witnessed stable government with efficient monarchs.
✅Lesser Zeal for Religion: Britain was less zealous about religion and less interested in spreading Christianity, as compared to Spain, Portugal or the Dutch.
✅Use of Debt Market: Britain used the debt markets to fund its wars.
#revision_notes
#modern_history
#prelims
Join @Upsc_4_history