Arktos dan repost
Cycle of Civilisation
Brecht Jonkers argues that civilisations in decline — as analysed by Ibn Khaldun, Lev Gumilev, and Oswald Spengler — must choose between revitalising through a reaffirmation of core values or face inevitable collapse due to internal decay or external conquest, a pattern seen from the Roman Empire to modern Western liberal-capitalist societies.
Read the essay here:
https://www.arktosjournal.com/p/cycle-of-civilisation
Brecht Jonkers argues that civilisations in decline — as analysed by Ibn Khaldun, Lev Gumilev, and Oswald Spengler — must choose between revitalising through a reaffirmation of core values or face inevitable collapse due to internal decay or external conquest, a pattern seen from the Roman Empire to modern Western liberal-capitalist societies.
Read the essay here:
https://www.arktosjournal.com/p/cycle-of-civilisation