In 2022, the largest absolute contributions to global fossil CO2 emissions were from China (31 %), the USA (14 %), India (8 %), and the EU27 (7 %). These four regions account for 59 % of global fossil CO2 emissions,
Growth rates for these countries from 2021 to 2022 were 0.5 % (China), 0.5 % (USA), −1.6 % (EU27), and 5.8 % (India), with +0.9 % for the rest of the world. The per capita fossil CO2 emissions in 2022 were 1.3 t C per person per year for the globe and were 4.1 (USA), 2.2 (China), 1.7 (EU27), and 0.5 (India) t C per person per year for the four highest emitters (Fig. 5).
Cumulative fossil CO2 emissions for 1850–2022 were 477 ±
25 Gt C, including the cement carbonation sink (Fig. 3, Ta- ble 8, with all cumulative numbers rounded to the nearest 5 Gt C). In this period, 46 % of global fossil CO2 emissions came from coal, 35 % from oil, 15 % from natural gas, 3 % from decomposition of carbonates, and 1 % from flaring.
Over the entire period 1850–2022, US cumulative emissions amounted to 115 Gt C (24 % of world total), the EU’s to 80 Gt C (17 %), China’s to 70GtC (15%), and India’s to 15GtC (3%).
Global fossil CO2 emissions were slightly higher, 0.9 %, in 2022 than in 2021, with an increase of less than 0.1 Gt C to reach 9.9 ± 0.5 Gt C (including the 0.2 Gt C cement carbona- tion sink) in 2022 (Fig. 5), distributed among coal (41 %), oil (32 %), natural gas (21 %), cement (4 %), flaring (1 %), and others (< 1 %). Compared to the previous year, 2022 emis- sions from coal and oil increased by 1.6% and 3.2%, re- spectively, while emissions from gas and cement decreased by 2.2 % and 5.1 %, respectively.
Global increases in 2023 emissions per fuel type are projected to be +1.1 % (range −0.1 % to 2.4 %) for coal, +1.5 % (range 0.6 % to 2.3 %) for oil, +0.5 % (range −0.9 % to 1.8 %) for natural gas, and 0.8 % (range −0.7 % to 2.4 %) for cement.
For China, projected fossil emissions in 2023 are expected to increase by 4 % (range 1.9 % to 6.1 %) compared with 2022 emissions.
Growth rates for these countries from 2021 to 2022 were 0.5 % (China), 0.5 % (USA), −1.6 % (EU27), and 5.8 % (India), with +0.9 % for the rest of the world. The per capita fossil CO2 emissions in 2022 were 1.3 t C per person per year for the globe and were 4.1 (USA), 2.2 (China), 1.7 (EU27), and 0.5 (India) t C per person per year for the four highest emitters (Fig. 5).
Cumulative fossil CO2 emissions for 1850–2022 were 477 ±
25 Gt C, including the cement carbonation sink (Fig. 3, Ta- ble 8, with all cumulative numbers rounded to the nearest 5 Gt C). In this period, 46 % of global fossil CO2 emissions came from coal, 35 % from oil, 15 % from natural gas, 3 % from decomposition of carbonates, and 1 % from flaring.
Over the entire period 1850–2022, US cumulative emissions amounted to 115 Gt C (24 % of world total), the EU’s to 80 Gt C (17 %), China’s to 70GtC (15%), and India’s to 15GtC (3%).
Global fossil CO2 emissions were slightly higher, 0.9 %, in 2022 than in 2021, with an increase of less than 0.1 Gt C to reach 9.9 ± 0.5 Gt C (including the 0.2 Gt C cement carbona- tion sink) in 2022 (Fig. 5), distributed among coal (41 %), oil (32 %), natural gas (21 %), cement (4 %), flaring (1 %), and others (< 1 %). Compared to the previous year, 2022 emis- sions from coal and oil increased by 1.6% and 3.2%, re- spectively, while emissions from gas and cement decreased by 2.2 % and 5.1 %, respectively.
Global increases in 2023 emissions per fuel type are projected to be +1.1 % (range −0.1 % to 2.4 %) for coal, +1.5 % (range 0.6 % to 2.3 %) for oil, +0.5 % (range −0.9 % to 1.8 %) for natural gas, and 0.8 % (range −0.7 % to 2.4 %) for cement.
For China, projected fossil emissions in 2023 are expected to increase by 4 % (range 1.9 % to 6.1 %) compared with 2022 emissions.