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EPISTAXIS causes and management
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causes 🔎
NSAID 🧵
Nasal disorders e.g. trauma, tumor, rhinitis, sinusitis, lupus, etc.
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Spontaneous,
Scurvy
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Air sickness,
Arterial hypertension,
Altitude high
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Idiopathic,
Infective fever
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Diphtheria,
Danlos syndrome,
Drugs: salicylates, quinine, etc.
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management 🔎
EPISTAXIS 📮
Examine
🍀Attempt to distinguish between anterior and posterior bleeding
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Pressure
🍀Apply pressure over the nose with compression device or fingers
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Irrigate
🍀Irrigate with warm water
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Silver nitrate
🍀Apply silver nitrate locally, if anterior vessel identified
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Tampons
🍀Insert anterior nasal or posterior balloon tampons
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Afrin
🍀Oxymetazoline can be sprayed in the nose as part of conservative treatment or applied on tampon
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XA
🍀Apply TXA as gel or solution on tampon
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Interventional radiology
🍀Contact interventional radiology for embolization in conjunction with ENT surgeon
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Surgical consultation
🍀Obtain an early ENT consult for severe or high risk bleeding
#ent
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