🖍Anticardiolipin antibodies
(aCL antibodies, ACA,
Antiphospholipid antibodies, Lupus anticoagulant)🖍🔬
=========================
📌Test explanation and related physiology 📌
________________________
✔️Anticardiolipin antibodies (immunoglobulins G and M to cardiolipin) are antiphospholipid autoantibodies that attach to
phospholipids on cell membranes and can interfere with the coagulation system.
Antiphospholipide antibodies include anticardiolipin antibodies and the lupus anticoagulant antibody.
✔️Phospholipid antibodies occur in patients with a variety of clinical signs and symptoms, notably:
🔘thrombosis (arterial or venous)
🔘 pregnancy morbidity (unexplained fetal death, premature birth, severe preeclampsia, or placental insufficiency)
🔘unexplained cutaneous circulation disturbances (livido reticularis or pyoderma gangrenosum)
🔘 thrombocytopenia or hemolytic anemia,
and nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis.
✔️Phospholipid antibodies and lupus anticoagulants are found with increased frequency in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases, especially
lupus erythematosus.
✔️The term antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) or Hughes syndrome is used to describe the triad of thrombosis, recurrent fetal loss, and thrombocytopenia accompanied by phospholipid antibodies or a lupus anticoagulant.
🔘These antibodies may be considered normal in the elderly person.
🔹Interfering factors 🔹
===================
▪️ Patients who have or had syphilis infections can have a false positive result.
▪️ Transient antibodies can occur in patients with infections, AIDS, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, or cancer.
▪️False-positive results have been seen in patients who take such medications as chlorpromazine, hydralazine, penicillin,phenytoin,procainamide, and quinidine.
🖌Normal Findings🖌
--------------------------
Negative:
(aCL antibodies, ACA,
Antiphospholipid antibodies, Lupus anticoagulant)🖍🔬
=========================
📌Test explanation and related physiology 📌
________________________
✔️Anticardiolipin antibodies (immunoglobulins G and M to cardiolipin) are antiphospholipid autoantibodies that attach to
phospholipids on cell membranes and can interfere with the coagulation system.
Antiphospholipide antibodies include anticardiolipin antibodies and the lupus anticoagulant antibody.
✔️Phospholipid antibodies occur in patients with a variety of clinical signs and symptoms, notably:
🔘thrombosis (arterial or venous)
🔘 pregnancy morbidity (unexplained fetal death, premature birth, severe preeclampsia, or placental insufficiency)
🔘unexplained cutaneous circulation disturbances (livido reticularis or pyoderma gangrenosum)
🔘 thrombocytopenia or hemolytic anemia,
and nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis.
✔️Phospholipid antibodies and lupus anticoagulants are found with increased frequency in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases, especially
lupus erythematosus.
✔️The term antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) or Hughes syndrome is used to describe the triad of thrombosis, recurrent fetal loss, and thrombocytopenia accompanied by phospholipid antibodies or a lupus anticoagulant.
🔘These antibodies may be considered normal in the elderly person.
🔹Interfering factors 🔹
===================
▪️ Patients who have or had syphilis infections can have a false positive result.
▪️ Transient antibodies can occur in patients with infections, AIDS, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, or cancer.
▪️False-positive results have been seen in patients who take such medications as chlorpromazine, hydralazine, penicillin,phenytoin,procainamide, and quinidine.
🖌Normal Findings🖌
--------------------------
Negative: